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Mathematics
An example of the decomposition non-uniqueness for a 3-dimensional geometric object
S. V. Matveevab a Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
b Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Abstract:
In 1942, M.H.A. Newman formulated and proved
a simple lemma that has been very useful in various
areas of mathematics in particular
in algebra and
Gröbner — Shirshov bases theory.
It was later called Diamond Lemma,
since its key design is graphically
depicted as a rhombus (diamond symbol).
In 2005, I proposed a new version
of this lemma, designed to solve geometric
problems, and proved existence and uniqueness theorems for
primary decompositions of various geometric objects: 3-dimensional manifolds,
knots in thickened surfaces, knotted graphs, knotted
theta curves in 3-dimensional manifolds. It turned out that all
geometric objects of the mentioned types allow primary
decomposition, but in some cases (for example, for orbifolds)
uniqueness decomposition
is absent. This article presents this new version of the lemma and an algorithm for its application. I propose a theorem that uses Diamond Lemma to prove it, and a counterexample showing the impossibility of omitting one of the conditions of the theorem.
Keywords:
3-dimensional manifold, knot, knotted graph, Diamond Lemma, prime decompositions of geometric objects.
Received: 08.07.2019 Revised: 12.09.2019
Citation:
S. V. Matveev, “An example of the decomposition non-uniqueness for a 3-dimensional geometric object”, Chelyab. Fiz.-Mat. Zh., 4:3 (2019), 265–275
Linking options:
https://www.mathnet.ru/eng/chfmj144 https://www.mathnet.ru/eng/chfmj/v4/i3/p265
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