An integrated approach to validation of digital models: a study of approaches and metrics

The study focuses on reviewing quantitative validation methods for their applicability to the stages of developing digital models of complex socio-economic and socio-technical systems. Conducting validation and verification checks improves the adequacy, accuracy, and robustness of the developed models, considering their specific features, such as complex dynamic structures, multi-agent systems, uncertainty, and variability. The stages of model validation, model data validation, and the final quality assessment of modeling were identified to define the scope of the research and highlight the specifics of the validation process and its distinction from the final quality assessment of the model in the context of decision- making. The results of the study provide a correspondence between the application of selected model evaluation tools and the stages of validating digital mathematical models based on key characteristics evaluated during validation, namely: correlation, variability, information, form, and delay.