Nonperturbative shell correction to the Bethe–Bloch formula for the energy losses of fast charged particles

A simple method including nonperturbative shell corrections has been developed for calculating energy losses on complex atoms. The energy losses of fast highly charged ions on neon, argon, krypton, and xenon atoms have been calculated and compared with experimental data. It has been shown that the inclusion of the non-perturbative shell corrections noticeably improves agreement with experimental data as compared to calculations by the Bethe–Bloch formula with the standard corrections. This undoubtedly helps to reduce the number of fitting parameters in various modifications of the Bethe-Bloch formula, which are usually determined semiempirically.