Analysis of products of arc discharge plasma synthesis with a graphite cathode and a composite anode

The composition, structure, and morphology of compounds formed in an argon arc discharge with a graphite cathode and a composite anode are studied by the methods of Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray microanalysis, and electron microscopy. Among the synthesis produces, graphite-like substances and metal carbides dominate; metal microcrystallites, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes are present in some cases. It is found that carbides are not formed when anodes with a nickel admixture are used. The Raman spectra indicate the synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes in arcs with the C–Fe and C–Ni–V anodes. In the case of C–Ni and C–V anodes, electron microscopy data indicate the existence of micrometer-size carbon fiber structures in the synthesis products.