Kinetic aspects of operando studies: state-of-the-art and unexplored possibilities

Operando spectroscopy is one of the most effective tools for investigating catalytic systems, providing unique experimental data that has long been required for kinetic studies of catalytic reactions. However, the utilization of kinetic methods in operando studies is frequently not taken into account. To address this issue, this article provides a discussion of the current status, problems, and prospects of operando kinetic studies of complex catalytic reactions.