Heat transport in marangoni layers with nanoparticles

This study investigates the influence of nanoparticle concentration on the Marangoni effect in the boundary layer near the free boundary of an incompressible fluid with small kinematic viscosity and thermal conductivity. The study was conducted on the basis of a single-phase model derived from the Navier–Stokes equations by replacing thermal parameters for their effective values. Two cases of stationary axisymmetric fluid flow are considered. In the first case, the fluid is cooled on the free surface near the symmetry axis, and in the second case, the fluid is heated. In the first case, a rotation of the fluid in a thin boundary layer appears near the free boundary, while there is no rotation outside the layer. In both cases, as the concentration of nanoparticles increases, the heat flux and the fluid velocity at the free boundary decrease.