Determination of the polymerization depths of lead-free piezoceramic pastes for UV 3D printing

In present study, the polymerization depths for the implementation of the laser stereolithography process in the system (oligomer – piezoceramics) on the wavelengths of 445–465 nm UV range were determined in the original BTO, KNN and NBT lead-free piezoceramic pastes. It was shown that powder pastes, which provide a polymerization depth more than 150 $\mu$m, are promising for using in 3D printing. Such depth was chosen to guarantee a sufficient overlap of neighboring layers during polymerization, at the laser beam velocity speed from 1 m/s and the distance between the laser paths of 50 $\mu$m. For NBT pastes, successful photo polymerization was carried out for the first time, and for KNN paste the process performance was significantly increased.