Quantum-optical systems for solving problems of space geodesy and navigation

Measuring laser ranging systems, which are used in systems for determining coordinate/time data, are designed to solve many applied and fundamental problems. To achieve high accuracy characteristics of the global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), new generation radio-laser stations ‘Tochka’ and their modifications are developed. Methods are described for achieving submillimetre accuracy of laser ranging measurements to spacecraft with laser retroreflectors and for ensuring subnanosecond accuracy of verification of onboard time scales with ground-based standards and scales of remote time centres.