The Forms of Trace Elements in the Abiotic Phases of Natural Aqueous Media

The literature data on the phase, physicochemical, and chemical properties of trace elements (microelements) in the abiotic phases of natural aqueous media – the atmosphere, the surface microlayer of water, natural waters, suspended and colloidal particles, bottom deposits, and pore waters, as well as the mechanisms of the interconversions of these forms are surveyed and critically examined. The ways in which trace elements are absorbed and removed via the interfaces of these phases and on mixing in the estuary as well as the causes of such sorption and removal are considered. It is shown that the form of the trace elements in the phases of all types of natural waters (in oceans, seas, rivers, estuaries, lakes, and bogs) plays a decisive role in their transport, biological availability, and biogeochemical cycles.
The bibliography includes 368 references.