Halogenated fullerenes as precursors for the synthesis of functional derivatives of $\mathrm{C}_{60}$ and $\mathrm{C}_{70}$

The review is devoted to the use of halogenated fullerenes as precursors for the synthesis of functional derivatives of fullerenes $\mathrm{C}_{60}$ and $\mathrm{C}_{70}$. Data on chemical transformations of halogenated fullerenes $\mathrm{C}_{60}\mathrm{Cl}_6$, $\mathrm{C}_{70}\mathrm{Cl}_8$, $\mathrm{C}_{70}\mathrm{Cl}_{10}$, $\mathrm{C}_{60}\mathrm{F}_{18}$, $\mathrm{C}_{60}\mathrm{F}_{36}$ and $\mathrm{C}_{60}\mathrm{F}_{48}$ are described systematically, with the focus being placed on the preparation of compounds with valuable properties. In particular, new approaches to the synthesis of water-soluble fullerene derivatives are considered and prospects for their practical use in biomedicine are evaluated.
The bibliography includes 108 references.