Perspectives of application of micro and nanosystem equipment in biology and medical diagnostics. Problems and tasks of LOC (laboratories on the chip)

Laboratory on the chip is the miniature device allowing to carry out one or several multistage (bio) chemical processes on one chip from one mm$^2$ to several cm$^2$ and using micro or nanoscale quantities of samples for preparation and conduction of reactions. For creation of laboratories on the chip the MEMS technology is used, with micro and nanofluidic technologies capable to manipulate the objects being observed. The electrokinetic transport allows to avoid pumping in complex system of channels by means of attaching the electrodes and making substances move to the necessary cameras with tension at a certain scheme.