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Isotopy classification of Morse polynomials of degree four on ${\mathbb R}^2$
V. A. Vassiliev Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Abstract:
We introduce a system of invariants of isotopy classes of Morse polynomials ${\mathbb R}^2 \to {\mathbb R}^1$, prove its completeness for polynomials of degrees $\leq 4$, calculate all $71$ possible values of these invariants for the case of degree $4$, and realize them by concrete Morse polynomials. Also we calculate the number of classes (up to isotopy and reflections in ${\mathbb R}^2$) of strictly Morse polynomials of degree four with the maximal possible number of real critical points.
Key words and phrases:
real algebraic geometry, Morse function, Milnor fiber, Coxeter–Dynkin graph, vanishing cycle, topological invariant, surgery, Lyashko–Looijenga map.
Citation:
V. A. Vassiliev, “Isotopy classification of Morse polynomials of degree four on ${\mathbb R}^2$”, Mosc. Math. J., 25:2 (2025), 249–299
Linking options:
https://www.mathnet.ru/eng/mmj908 https://www.mathnet.ru/eng/mmj/v25/i2/p249
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