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Moscow Mathematical Journal, 2025, Volume 25, Number 2, Pages 249–299
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/1609-4514-2025-25-2-249-299
(Mi mmj908)
 

Isotopy classification of Morse polynomials of degree four on ${\mathbb R}^2$

V. A. Vassiliev

Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
References:
Abstract: We introduce a system of invariants of isotopy classes of Morse polynomials ${\mathbb R}^2 \to {\mathbb R}^1$, prove its completeness for polynomials of degrees $\leq 4$, calculate all $71$ possible values of these invariants for the case of degree $4$, and realize them by concrete Morse polynomials. Also we calculate the number of classes (up to isotopy and reflections in ${\mathbb R}^2$) of strictly Morse polynomials of degree four with the maximal possible number of real critical points.
Key words and phrases: real algebraic geometry, Morse function, Milnor fiber, Coxeter–Dynkin graph, vanishing cycle, topological invariant, surgery, Lyashko–Looijenga map.
Document Type: Article
MSC: Primary 14P99; Secondary 14Q30, 14B07, 32S15
Language: English
Citation: V. A. Vassiliev, “Isotopy classification of Morse polynomials of degree four on ${\mathbb R}^2$”, Mosc. Math. J., 25:2 (2025), 249–299
Citation in format AMSBIB
\Bibitem{Vas25}
\by V.~A.~Vassiliev
\paper Isotopy classification of Morse polynomials of degree four on ${\mathbb R}^2$
\jour Mosc. Math.~J.
\yr 2025
\vol 25
\issue 2
\pages 249--299
\mathnet{http://mi.mathnet.ru/mmj908}
\crossref{https://doi.org/10.17323/1609-4514-2025-25-2-249-299}
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