Physics vs. sociophysics. Part 3. Quasi-physical modeling in sociology and political science. Some models of linguistics, demography, and mathematical history

Recent foreign and domestic studies in sociophysics (a new field of physics that analyses social processes) are discussed. Topics presented in previous chapters include the influence of climate and solar activity on historical events, and dynamical processes in systems of “living” particles (Part 1), structure and dynamics of networks of social interactions and physical description of economic phenomena, i.e. econophysics (Part 2). In the (last) Part 3, mathematical modeling in sociology and political science is briefly reviewed, including the models originated from biophysics and physics of magnetic phenomena. Several formal models of such disciplines neighboring to “physics of society” as computational linguistics, demography, and mathematical history, are briefly considered. We discuss the linkage of sociophysics to the physics of non-living complex systems, as well as practical applications and possible future development of this new field of science.