Effect of the size of air bubbles on enhancement of heat transfer in an impinging liquid jet

The numerical modeling of heat transfer in a bubbly impinging jet is carried out . The axisymmetric system of RANS equations that take into account the two-phase nature of the flow is resolved based on the Euler approach. The turbulence of the liquid phase is described by the Reynolds stress transport model with taking into account the effect of bubbles on modification of the turbulence. The effect of the gas volumetric flow rate ratio and the bubble size on the flow structure and the heat transfer in a gas–liquid impact stream is studied. It is shown that the addition of the gas phase in a turbulent fluid causes an increase up to $1.5$-fold in heat transfer. The comparison of the simulation results with experimental data showed that the developed model enables the simulation of turbulent bubbly impinging jet with heat transfer with the pipe wall in a wide range of gas fraction.