Edge electroluminescence in small-area silicon $p^+$–$n$ diodes heavily doped with boron: Analysis of model representations

The experimental results and model representations of the edge electroluminescence of two published studies for small-area silicon $p^+$–$n$ diodes heavily doped with boron are analyzed. In one of these studies it was assumed that edge electroluminescence appears in the $p^+$ region of the diode, and in the other, in the $n$ region of the diode. In the latter case, it was demonstrated that electroluminescence indeed arose in the n region and was caused predominantly by the radiative recombination of free excitons. It is shown that similar model concepts are also applicable to the other study. Based on several independent experimental studies (of edge photoluminescence, electroluminescence, and radiation absorption by free carriers), it is demonstrated that the linear or close-to-linear dependences of the edge-luminescence intensity on the excitation intensity, observed in single-crystal silicon at high injection levels, are caused by the close-to-linear dependences of the exciton concentration on the free-carrier concentration. The results of this study extend the capability of luminescence methods for determining the carrier lifetimes to the region of high injection levels.